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Squares in Paris
Paris is known as the ''City of Light''. Part of the credit for this ''soubriquet'' can be ascribed to long-standing city ordinances that have restricted the height of buildings in the central city. A more modest skyline, interrupted only by the Eiffel Tower, the Tour Montparnasse, Sacré-Coeur, and a few church steeples, lends this city's citizens virtually unfettered access to natural light. Nonetheless, another significant contributor to the feeling of openness in Paris is the vast number of public spaces, both green and paved, interspersed throughout all twenty arrondissements, that afford the citizen the opportunity to escape, if only momentarily, his urban environment and partake of air and light like his cousins in the provinces. The following article (and its accompanying list) concern the public spaces known as squares and ''places'' in Paris.
==The word "square"==
In Paris (and, more generally, in France), the English word, "square", has been borrowed to describe a particular type of public space. Specifically, a Parisian "square" is a small urban ''green'' space that is not large enough to be called a ''parc'' (the grassy variety) or a ''bois'' (the wooded variety), and it is not sufficiently formal in its plantings to be called a ''jardin''. In the English-speaking world, a Parisian "square" might be called a vest-pocket park or, simply, a "green" (as in "the village green").
However, the French use of the word, "square", presents some small problems in interpretation because native speakers of English use the same word to mean a notable urban crossroads (like Times Square in New York) or an urban roundabout (like Trafalgar Square in London), where neither grass nor trees nor flowers are present. Such a public space would be called a ''place'' in Paris: as in ''Place de l'Étoile'' or ''Place des Vosges'' or ''Place de Clichy''. The French use of the word "place", —— where, in the USA, the UK, Canada, etc., an English-speaker would use the word "square", —— follows the pattern established in other European languages: the Spanish use the cognate, "plaza" (like Madrid's ''Plaza Mayor''); the Germans use "platz" (Berlin's ''Potsdamer Platz''); the Italians use "piazza" (Rome's ''Piazza Navona''); etc.
So, in summary, the French have "squares" that might (or, more likely, might not) be called "squares" in English, and they use the word "place" to denote what an anglophone would almost certainly call a "square".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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